school solar storage cost vs benefit calculation in Yemen

What percentage of school energy is renewable?

The system achieves a renewable fraction of 27.88%, which indicates that nearly one-third of the total school energy demand is met through renewable sources. This is comparable to the intermittent but highest among all scenarios, further underscoring the system’s capacity to maximize solar generation even under stable conditions.

What are the benefits of a solar energy system?

In this context, benefits are represented by lifetime savings derived from reduced energy costs achieved through PV and battery systems, while costs include total lifetime system expenses, such as installation, maintenance and operation.

How much energy does a school use?

During school operating hours, the energy consumption was 22 MWh and 20 MWh for stable and intermittent supply scenarios, respectively. The optimal solar and battery sizes for the stable TOU and intermittent TOU scenarios were 12 kWp and 3 kWh, while 15 kWp and 3 kWh were found to be optimal for the intermittent flat rate scenario.

Why is solar energy consumption decreasing?

However, in this study, the decrease attributed to two key factors is observed; 1. solar prioritization - solar energy is prioritized both for meeting demand – whether during peak, off-peak, or standard periods – and for charging the battery. As a result, the grid provides less than 60% of the energy used to charge the battery, 2.

Can solar power be used in schools and hospitals?

Although extensively studied in the context of larger distribution grids (Boonluk et al., , Pompern et al., ), research on smaller-scale PV applications for individual buildings, such as schools, homes, and hospitals, remains limited (Tostado-Véliz, Icaza-Alvarez, & Jurado, ).

What is the optimal solar and battery size?

The optimal solar and battery sizes for the stable TOU and intermittent TOU scenarios were 12 kWp and 3 kWh, while 15 kWp and 3 kWh were found to be optimal for the intermittent flat rate scenario. Table 3 captures the results of all scenarios with the low group.

This study addresses these gaps by proposing a holistic optimization and scheduling model tailored to resource-constrained schools, providing a scalable and flexible solution that balances renewable energy integration, load-shedding management, and techno-economic performance.

This study addresses these gaps by proposing a holistic optimization and scheduling model tailored to resource-constrained schools, providing a scalable and flexible solution that balances renewable energy integration, load-shedding management, and techno-economic performance.

In Hadramout Governorate, Yemen, the installation of solar energy systems in schools has emerged as a pivotal development in addressing the chronic energy shortages that have long hindered the functioning of the governorate's education sector. With support from the Strengthening Institutional and

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United Nations Office for Project Services UNOPS Yemen

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In Yemen’s Hadramout Governorate, a notable advancement has occurred with the installation of solar energy systems in 17 schools across Mukalla, Tarim, and Al-Qatn.